19,937 research outputs found
Domain wall network evolution in (N+1)-dimensional FRW universes
We develop a velocity-dependent one-scale model for the evolution of domain
wall networks in flat expanding or collapsing homogeneous and isotropic
universes with an arbitrary number of spatial dimensions, finding the
corresponding scaling laws in frictionless and friction dominated regimes. We
also determine the allowed range of values of the curvature parameter and the
expansion exponent for which a linear scaling solution is possible in the
frictionless regime.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Scaling laws for weakly interacting cosmic (super)string and p-brane networks
In this paper we find new scaling laws for the evolution of -brane
networks in -dimensional Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universes in the
weakly-interacting limit, giving particular emphasis to the case of cosmic
superstrings () living in a universe with three spatial dimensions (N=3).
In particular, we show that, during the radiation era, the root-mean-square
velocity is and the characteristic length of
non-interacting cosmic string networks scales as ( is
the scale factor), thus leading to string domination even when gravitational
backreaction is taken into account. We demonstrate, however, that a small
non-vanishing constant loop chopping efficiency parameter leads to a
linear scaling solution with constant ( is the Hubble parameter)
and in the radiation era, which may allow for a
cosmologically relevant cosmic string role even in the case of light strings.
We also determine the impact that the radiation-matter transition has on the
dynamics of weakly interacting cosmic superstring networks.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Evolution of domain wall networks: the PRS algorithm
The Press-Ryden-Spergel (PRS) algorithm is a modification to the field theory
equations of motion, parametrized by two parameters ( and ),
implemented in numerical simulations of cosmological domain wall networks, in
order to ensure a fixed comoving resolution. In this paper we explicitly
demonstrate that the PRS algorithm provides the correct domain wall dynamics in
-dimensional Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universes if
, fully validating its use in numerical studies of cosmic
domain evolution. We further show that this result is valid for generic thin
featureless domain walls, independently of the Lagrangian of the model.Comment: 4 page
Exponential Distributions in a Mechanical Model for Earthquakes
We study statistical distributions in a mechanical model for an earthquake
fault introduced by Burridge and Knopoff [R. Burridge and L. Knopoff, {\sl
Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.} {\bf 57}, 341 (1967)]. Our investigations on the size
(moment), time duration and number of blocks involved in an event show that
exponential distributions are found in a given range of the paramenter space.
This occurs when the two kinds of springs present in the model have the same,
or approximately the same, value for the elastic constants. Exponential
distributions have also been seen recently in an experimental system to model
earthquake-like dynamics [M. A. Rubio and J. Galeano, {\sl Phys. Rev. E} {\bf
50}, 1000 (1994)].Comment: 11 pages, uuencoded (submitted to Phys. Rev. E
Site-dependent hydrogenation on graphdiyne
Graphene is one of the most important materials in science today due to its
unique and remarkable electronic, thermal and mechanical properties. However in
its pristine state, graphene is a gapless semiconductor, what limits its use in
transistor electronics. In part due to the revolution created by graphene in
materials science, there is a renewed interest in other possible graphene-like
two-dimensional structures. Examples of these structures are graphynes and
graphdiynes, which are two-dimensional structures, composed of carbon atoms in
sp2 and sp-hybridized states. Graphdiynes (benzenoid rings connecting two
acetylenic groups) were recently synthesized and some of them are intrinsically
nonzero gap systems. These systems can be easily hydrogenated and the relative
level of hydrogenation can be used to tune the band gap values. We have
investigated, using fully reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF), the structural
and dynamics aspects of the hydrogenation mechanisms of graphdiyne membranes.
Our results showed that the hydrogen bindings have different atom incorporation
rates and that the hydrogenation patterns change in time in a very complex way.
The formation of correlated domains reported to hydrogenated graphene is no
longer observed in graphdiyne cases.Comment: Submitted to Carbo
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Enhancing Fault / Intrusion Tolerance through Design and Configuration Diversity
Fault/intrusion tolerance is usually the only viable way of improving the system dependability and security in the presence of continuously evolving threats. Many of the solutions in the literature concern a specific snapshot in the production or deployment of a fault-tolerant system and no immediate considerations are made about how the system should evolve to deal with novel threats. In this paper we outline and evaluate a set of operating systems’ and applications’ reconfiguration rules which can be used to modify the state of a system replica prior to deployment or in between recoveries, and hence increase the replicas chance of a longer intrusion-free operation
CVD of CrO2 Thin Films: Influence of the Deposition Parameters on their Structural and Magnetic Properties
This work reports on the synthesis of CrO2 thin films by atmospheric pressure
CVD using chromium trioxide (CrO3) and oxygen. Highly oriented (100) CrO2 films
containing highly oriented (0001) Cr2O3 were grown onto Al2O3(0001) substrates.
Films display a sharp magnetic transition at 375 K and a saturation
magnetization of 1.92 Bohr magnetons per f.u., close to the bulk value of 2
Bohr magnetons per f.u. for the CrO2.
Keywords: Chromium dioxide (CrO2), Atmospheric pressure CVD, Spintronics.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
Some properties of two Nambu--Jona-Lasinio -type models with inputs from lattice QCD
We investigate the phase diagram of the so-called
Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model at finite temperature and nonzero
chemical potential. The calculations are performed in the light and strange
quark sectors (, , ), which includes the 't Hooft instanton induced
interaction term that breaks the axial symmetry, and the quarks are coupled to
the (spatially constant) temporal background gauge field. On one hand, a
special attention is payed to the critical end point (CEP). The strength of the
flavor-mixing interaction alters the CEP location, since when it becomes weaker
the CEP moves to low temperatures and can even disappear. On the other hand, we
also explore the connection between QCD, a nonlocal Nambu--Jona-Lasinio type
model and the Landau gauge gluon propagator. Possible links between the
quenched gluon propagator and low energy hadronic phenomenology are
investigated.Comment: Contribution to the International Meeting "Excited QCD", Peniche,
Portugal, 06 - 12 May 201
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